WCAG Guideline 3.1.2: Language of Parts Explained

Estimated read time: 6–7 minutes

Guideline 3: Understandable

The Understandable principle ensures that web content is clear and predictable for all users, including those who use assistive technologies.

Guideline 3.1: Readable

Guideline 3.1 focuses on making text content readable and understandable by identifying the language of the page and any changes in language.

What Is Guideline 3.1.2 Language of Parts?

"The human language of each passage or phrase in the content can be programmatically determined except for proper names, technical terms, words of indeterminate language, and words or phrases that have become part of the vernacular."

Guideline 3.1.2 requires that any content in a different language from the main page is marked up with the correct language code.

Helps screen readers switch pronunciation and voice
Essential for multilingual websites and content
Applies to all passages, phrases, or words in a different language

For more, see BOIA: WCAG Success Criteria 3.1.1 and 3.1.2 – Language of Page and Parts .

Why Does It Matter?

Inclusivity: Correct language settings help screen readers and translation tools.
Legal Compliance: Language of Parts is a Level AA requirement in WCAG 2.1 and 2.2.
Usability: Improves comprehension and accessibility for all users.

For more, see W3C’s guidance on language of parts .

What Needs a Language Attribute?

Multilingual content
Quotes and technical terms
Any content with a different language

How to Make Language of Parts Accessible

Use the correct lang attribute for each part
Document language conventions
Test with screen readers and translation tools

For more, see the W3C's Language of Parts Techniques .

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Missing or incorrect lang attribute
Not documenting language conventions
Not testing with screen readers or translation tools

Differences Between A, AA, and AAA for Guideline 3.1.2 in WCAG 2.2

Level A: Not applicable for this guideline.
Level AA: Requires the language of each part can be programmatically determined. This is the core requirement for 3.1.2 and is mandatory for AA accessibility.
Level AAA: For Guideline 3.1.2, there are no additional requirements beyond Level AA in WCAG 2.2. Meeting Level AA for this guideline also satisfies Level AAA.

For more, see the W3C’s official documentation for 3.1.2 Language of Parts .

Quick Checklist

The lang attribute is set correctly for each part
Language conventions are documented
Tested with screen readers and translation tools

Guideline 3.1.2 is essential for helping users understand your site. By setting the correct language for each part, you support users with disabilities, improve usability, and meet legal requirements. Test your site regularly and make language accessibility a core part of your development process.

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