WCAG Guideline 2.5.4: Motion Actuation Explained

Estimated read time: 6–7 minutes

Guideline 2: Operable

The Operable principle ensures that all users can interact with and control web content, regardless of their abilities. This includes making sure device motion (like shaking or tilting) is never the only way to interact with content.

Guideline 2.5: Input Modalities

Guideline 2.5 focuses on making it easier for users to operate functionality through various input methods, including device motion, touch, and keyboard.

What Is Guideline 2.5.4 Motion Actuation?

"Functionality that can be operated by device motion or user motion can also be operated by user interface components, and motion-activated features can be disabled."

Guideline 2.5.4 Motion Actuation is a Level A requirement in the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) .

Any feature that uses device motion (shake, tilt, rotate) must also be operable by a standard UI control (button, link, etc.).
Users must be able to disable motion actuation to prevent accidental triggers.
Exception: motion is essential to the function (e.g., pedometer).

This ensures all users can operate features without relying on device motion, supporting accessibility and usability for everyone.

For more, see BOIA: Tips for Meeting WCAG Success Criterion 2.5.4 Motion Actuation .

Why Does It Matter?

Inclusivity: Device motion can be difficult or impossible for some users.
Legal Compliance: Motion Actuation is a Level A requirement in WCAG 2.1 and 2.2.
Usability: Ensures all users can operate features regardless of device motion.

For more, see W3C’s guidance on motion actuation .

What Needs Motion Actuation Alternatives?

Shake to undo
Tilt to scroll
Any feature using device or user motion

All must have alternative controls and allow motion actuation to be disabled.

How to Make Motion Actuation Accessible

Provide alternatives to motion actuation
Allow users to disable motion-activated features
Document motion feature options
Test with users with limited mobility

For more, see the W3C's Motion Actuation Techniques .

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Only supporting motion actuation
No alternative for device motion
Not documenting motion feature options
Not testing with users with limited mobility

Differences Between A, AA, and AAA for Guideline 2.5.4 in WCAG 2.2

Level A: Requires alternatives to motion actuation and ability to disable motion features. This is the core requirement for 2.5.4 and is mandatory for basic accessibility.
Level AA: For Guideline 2.5.4, there are no additional requirements beyond Level A in WCAG 2.2. Meeting Level A for this guideline also satisfies Level AA.
Level AAA: For Guideline 2.5.4, there are no additional requirements beyond Level A in WCAG 2.2. Meeting Level A for this guideline also satisfies Level AAA.

For more, see the W3C’s official documentation for 2.5.4 Motion Actuation .

Quick Checklist

Alternatives to motion actuation are provided
Motion-activated features can be disabled
Motion feature options are documented
Tested with users with limited mobility

Summary

Guideline 2.5.4 is essential for ensuring all users can operate your site. By providing alternatives to motion actuation, you support users with disabilities, improve usability, and meet legal requirements. Test your site regularly and make motion accessibility a core part of your development process.

AccessiTech LLC